2016衛(wèi)生類(lèi)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)備考：疑問(wèn)句

▲一般疑問(wèn)句：用“yes”或“no”來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句叫做一般疑問(wèn)句。

1)一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是to be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),則將它們(提前)放到主語(yǔ)前面。如：Is he an engineer?(他是工程師嗎?)/ Have you got today's newspaper? (你有今天的報(bào)紙嗎?)/ Shall we go to see a film this evening? (我們今晚去看電影好嗎?)/ Can you explain it ?(你能解釋它嗎?)/ Is there any fish for supper?(晚飯有魚(yú)嗎?)/ Would you like to go out for a walk?(你想出去散步嗎?)

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果沒(méi)有上述詞語(yǔ)而是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí),則在主語(yǔ)前面加助動(dòng)詞do / does / did, 原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為原形。如：Do you get up at six every morning?(你天天早晨六點(diǎn)起身嗎?)/ Does she study hard?(她學(xué)習(xí)努力嗎?)/ Did you go there yesterday?(昨天你去那兒了嗎?)

2)一般疑問(wèn)句的回答：

一般疑問(wèn)句通常用簡(jiǎn)略形式來(lái)回答。如：

Will you join us in playing basketball?(你加入我們打籃球好嗎?)—Yes, we will.(是的我們會(huì)。)/ —No, we won't.(不我們不會(huì)。)

Have you got today's newspaper?(你有今天的報(bào)紙嗎?)—Yes, I have .(是的有。)/ —No, I haven't.(不沒(méi)有。)

回答時(shí)所用的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和問(wèn)句里的時(shí)態(tài)一致。

[注意] 回答must或者may開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句要小心,參見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)內(nèi)容。

3)一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)(即否定形式的一般疑問(wèn)句)表示驚奇、責(zé)怪、建議、看法等,只要將“not”置于主語(yǔ)之后或者將“not”放到主語(yǔ)之前與be, have等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞合并在一起就可以了。如：

Will he not come?(他難道不來(lái)嗎?)/ Isn't your sister a Party member?(你的姐姐不是黨員嗎?)/ Haven't you any brothers?(你沒(méi)有哥哥嗎?)/ Don't you like the play?(你難道不喜歡這個(gè)話(huà)劇嗎?)/ Can't we walk a little farther?(我們不能走遠(yuǎn)些嗎?)/ Won't you sit down?(你不想坐下嗎?)/ Hasn't she heard of the matter?(她沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這事兒?)

這種否定結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問(wèn)句的回答與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”;如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。(情況與反意問(wèn)句類(lèi)似。)如：

Can't he answer the question? (他不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?)

—Yes,he can.(不,他能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。) —No,he can't. (是的,他不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)

▲特殊疑問(wèn)句：要求具體回答的問(wèn)句。

1)特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)是：

如：What do you want?(你要什么?)/ Who(m) are you looking for ?(你在找誰(shuí)?)/ Whose magazine is this?(這是誰(shuí)的雜志?)/Which class are you in?(你在哪班?)/ When did you get up this morning?(你今早什么時(shí)候起身的?)/ Where have you been?(你到哪兒去了?)/ Why did he go to bed so early?(他為什么這么早睡覺(jué)?)/ How did you go there?(你是怎么去的那兒?)

但是,“who”引出的詢(xún)問(wèn)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)部分相關(guān)詞的特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)與陳述句詞序相同：如：Who is dancing over there?(誰(shuí)在那邊跳舞?)

有時(shí)“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出與陳述句詞序相同的特殊疑問(wèn)句。如：What is on the wall?(什么東西在墻上?/墻上有什么?)/ Which is yours?(哪個(gè)是你的?)/ Whose book is in your bag?(誰(shuí)的書(shū)在你的書(shū)包里?)

[注意]從陳述句改為特殊問(wèn)句時(shí),先將句子改為一般問(wèn)句,再將(劃線(xiàn))提問(wèn)部分更改為疑問(wèn)詞置于句首,特別要注意助動(dòng)詞的使用!如果只對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的修飾詞提問(wèn),那么只需要將疑問(wèn)部分改為疑問(wèn)詞即可。

2)常用疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞：

疑問(wèn)代詞：who, whom, whose, which, what,

疑問(wèn)副詞：when, where, why, how,

how構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：how many (多少個(gè)) (獨(dú)立用;或跟可數(shù)名詞), how much (多少) (獨(dú)立用;或跟不可數(shù)名詞), how old (多大年紀(jì)), how far (多遠(yuǎn)), how often (多常),how long (多久,多長(zhǎng)), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。

3)特殊疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)也用否定式。如：Why don't you ask Jim instead?(�？s略為Why not…?) (你為什么不轉(zhuǎn)請(qǐng)Jim呢?)

4) 特殊疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)部分有時(shí)可以有兩個(gè)以上的疑問(wèn)詞。如：When and where were you born? (你是何時(shí)何地出生的?)

5) 疑問(wèn)詞如果是介詞的賓語(yǔ),則該介詞可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一臺(tái)電腦呢?)

▲反意疑問(wèn)句：反意疑問(wèn)句表示對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)提出相反的疑問(wèn),要求對(duì)方用“yes”或“no”來(lái)進(jìn)行回答。

1) 構(gòu)成：由兩部分組成：前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是疑問(wèn)句,它是由be ,have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如果陳述句是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問(wèn)句須用否定結(jié)構(gòu);反之,陳述句如果是否定結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問(wèn)句須用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。反意疑問(wèn)句的兩部分,必須保持人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)的一致;反意疑問(wèn)句的回答有時(shí)會(huì)和漢語(yǔ)不同。

如：He is old, isn't he? (他老了不是嗎?) / The man went away, didn't he? (那個(gè)男人走開(kāi)了不是嗎?) / He isn't old, is he? (他不老是嗎?) / He never went there, did he? (他從沒(méi)有去過(guò)那里是嗎?)

2) 反意問(wèn)句的回答：

無(wú)論哪種形式的反意問(wèn)句,回答時(shí)要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”

如：The man went away, didn't he?(那人走開(kāi)了,不是嗎?)

——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn't.(不,他沒(méi)有走。)

The man never went there, did he?(這人從來(lái)不去那里,是嗎?)

——Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn't.(是呀,他不去。)

▲選擇疑問(wèn)句：提出兩種或兩種以上情況,需要對(duì)方作出選擇回答的疑問(wèn)句叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。

1) 構(gòu)成：(1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 + or + 第二選項(xiàng)?

(2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 + 第一選項(xiàng)(+ 第二選項(xiàng))+ or + 第三選項(xiàng)?

2)選擇疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)與特殊疑問(wèn)句相同,即要具體回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：

Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩還是女孩?----是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一樣咖啡還是茶?----請(qǐng)來(lái)茶吧。) / Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜歡哪樣?----當(dāng)然是跳舞啦!)